Off-grid solar for reliable and affordable electricity in Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa, home to the majority of the global population lacking access to electricity, faces significant challenges in achieving the United Nations’ goal of universal access to affordable, reliable, and sustainable energy by 2030.

While global access to electricity has increased over the years, with 90% of the population having access in 2019, the region lags behind, with only 47% having access. Most of those without access reside in rural areas, according to World Bank data.

The Impact of Limited Electricity Access

The lack of reliable electricity has far-reaching consequences, affecting the provision of essential services such as healthcare, education, and water supply. Additionally, it hinders participation in the digital economy, limiting economic growth and development.

Challenges with Existing Infrastructure

In sub-Saharan Africa, not only is access limited, but existing connections are also unreliable. A significant portion of the population experiences frequent outages, particularly in rural areas. Only a few countries, such as Angola and Botswana, have stable electricity grids, highlighting the need for improved infrastructure.

The Potential of Off-Grid Solar Power

Studies suggest that off-grid solar power could be a viable solution for regions with poor electricity access. This alternative offers a cost-effective way to provide electricity without the need for extensive grid infrastructure, benefiting millions of people in the process.

However, the full potential of off-grid solar power may have been underestimated in previous studies. Factors such as reliability and carbon pricing play a crucial role in determining the most suitable energy solutions for different regions.

Assessing Energy Access Options

Researchers have developed new methods to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of various energy access options, taking into account factors like reliability and environmental impact. By analysing data from 43 countries in Africa, they have identified Nigeria and Mozambique as key focus areas.

Nigeria’s Energy Landscape

Nigeria faces challenges with its unreliable grid, particularly in rural areas. Off-grid solar power emerges as a cost-effective solution for connecting a significant portion of the population to electricity, especially at lower demand levels. Government subsidies are already being used to promote the adoption of solar energy.

Insights from Mozambique

In Mozambique, a large percentage of the population remains without electricity access. Off-grid solar power is identified as a viable option, particularly for areas with lower electricity demand. When considering carbon pricing, the competitiveness of solar power increases, highlighting the importance of policy interventions to enhance access and reliability.

Enhancing Energy Access in Africa

Addressing the challenges of electricity access in sub-Saharan Africa requires targeted policies that consider local factors and technological advancements. By leveraging innovative solutions like off-grid solar power and incorporating carbon pricing mechanisms, countries can make significant strides towards achieving universal energy access.