Study Reveals Potential of Used Solar Panels as Australia’s Next Resource Boom

Dr Rong Deng from the University of New South Wales (UNSW) suggests that solar panels should be seen as a valuable mining resource rather than a waste problem. According to a paper led by Deng, recycled solar panels could supply 50% of the industry’s silver and aluminium needs within 15 years, and meet all of those needs within 25 years. This is because older models use more metals than newer ones. Deng emphasizes the importance of reducing the amount of silver used in current solar panels or replacing it with other materials, such as copper. Recycling can play a significant role in meeting demand and eliminating the need for mining from the earth.

Location and Volume of Solar Panel Waste

Previous research has not provided a clear outline of where solar panel waste will come from. By 2050, Queensland and New South Wales will account for about a third each of solar panel waste in Australia, with the majority being c-Si technology. The primary waste materials will be glass, aluminium frames, and silicon. Glass waste is estimated to reach around 2.5 million tonnes by 2050, while aluminium frames and silicon will contribute approximately 300,000 and 120,000 tonnes respectively. Silver waste will be smaller, at around 5,000 tonnes.

Dr Deng cautions against replacing rooftop systems early, as it is not economically or environmentally viable. She emphasizes the importance of waste reduction and raising public awareness about the long lifespan of solar panels. Australians should be educated about the fact that solar panels can continue to generate electricity even after the payback period. Unfounded concerns about toxicity and waste associated with photovoltaic modules are slowing down decarbonisation efforts.

Recycling or Constraints

The researchers estimate that by 2030, the cumulative volume of end-of-life solar panels will be between 250,000 and 700,000 tonnes, with the majority coming from rooftop solar systems. By 2050, this figure is expected to reach 2-3 million tonnes. These estimates are significantly higher than previous research forecasts. If solar panels are not seen as a mining resource, the industry will face pressure on resource reserves as demand rises. Meeting the global demand for 100% renewable energy with 20 terrawatts of installed PV by 2050 would require 15 years of global silver supply. Other materials, such as indium and tellurium, could also be depleted within a few decades if demand remains constant.

Rachel Williamson, a science and business journalist, highlights the importance of viewing solar panels as a valuable resource and enhancing domestic recycling capabilities to retain valuable materials in the economy.